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Alexander Graham Bell honors and tributes include honours bestowed upon him and awards named for him. Alexander Graham Bell received numerous tributes during his life, and new awards were subsequently named for him posthumously.〔(Dr. Bell, Inventor of Telephone, Dies: Sudden End, Due to Anemia...: Notables Pay Him Tribute ), The New York Times, August 3, 1922;〕 == Major awards and tributes == Among those tributes: * Chief George Henry Martin Johnson (Onwanonsyshon) of the aboriginal Six Nations Mohawk Reserve, near Bell's home in Brantford, Ontario awarded him the title of Honorary Chief for his work in translating the unwritten Mohawk language into Visible Speech symbols (c. 1870);〔 Groundwater, Jennifer (2005) ''Alexander Graham Bell: The Spirit of Invention'', p. 35. Altitude Publishing, Calgary ISBN 1-55439-006-0. Note: Bell was thrilled at his recognition by the Six Nations Reserve and throughout his life would launch into a Mohawk war dance when he was excited, as he did in Boston the day he succeeded in conducting the world's first communication by an electric telephone; 〕 * The National Association of Teachers of the Deaf elects Bell its president (1874);〔 Grosvenor, 1997. p. 12. 〕 * The United States Patent and Trademark Office awarded Bell the master telephone patent, No. 174,465, dated March 7, 1876. It becomes the foundational asset of the Bell Telephone Company, which later evolved into AT&T, at times the world's largest telephone company. The patent is considered by many to be the most valuable ever issued in history (1876); * The U.S. Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia made Bell's newly created telephone a featured headline worldwide just a few months after it had been patented. Among the exhibition's judges were the notable Emperor Dom Pedro II of the Empire of Brazil and the eminent British physicist William Thomson (later made Lord Kelvin). Upon hearing Bell's voice through the telephone's receiver, the emperor reputedly exclaimed: ''"My God! It talks!"''〔〔 (Inventing the Telephone ), AT&T website, retrieved 2009-04-29. 〕 Thomson and Emperor Pedro, who was equally amazed that the telephone could 'speak' in Portuguese, later recommended the device to the ''Committee of Electrical Awards'', which voted Bell its ''Gold Medal for Electrical Equipment''. Bell also won a second Gold Medal for his additional display of Visible Speech at the exposition, and further won an order of 100 telephones from Emperor Pedro for his country. Ironically, Bell—then occupied full-time as both a private teacher and as a professor at Boston University—hadn't planned on attending the exhibition due to his heavy work schedule, and left Boston only at the last moment to attend the exposition at the stern insistence of his then-fiancée and future wife Mabel Hubbard, aged 18.〔 Gray, Charlotte (Reluctant Genius: The Passionate Life and Inventive Mind of Alexander Graham Bell ), HarperCollins, Toronto, 2006, pp. 137–138, ISBN 0-00-200676-6, ISBN 978-0-00-200676-7. Note: Mabel understood Bell's reluctance to go to the exhibition, so she secretly bought his train ticket, packed his bag, and then took the unknowing Bell to the train station where she told her shocked fiancé that he was going on a trip. When Bell started protesting Mabel turned her sight away from him, thus becoming literally deaf to his utterances; she additionally threatened to cancel their marriage engagement. Note: some of Bell's honorary degrees received on p. 346; 〕〔 De Land, Fred (1906) (Notes on the Development of the Telephone ), Popular Science, November 1906, pp. 427–438. 〕 Dom Pedro's chance viewing of the invention at the fair was pivotal to the awards and world headlines Bell earned, helping the telephone gain public acceptance (1876);〔 Sammartino McPherson, Stephanie; Butler, Tad. (Alexander Graham Bell ), Lerner Publications, 2007, p. 28, ISBN 0-8225-7606-6, ISBN 978-0-8225-7606-8. Quote: ''"Dom Pedro had () met Alec at a school for the deaf in Boston. When the emperor greeted Alec, the () judges took note. They wanted to see what the emperor's friend had invented;"'' 〕 * The American Academy of Arts and Sciences elected Bell a Fellow of the Academy (1877);〔 (【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.amacad.org/publications/BookofMembers/ChapterB.pdf ) 〕 * Bell received the James Watt silver medal for the telephone from the Royal Cornwall Polytechnic Society (1877);〔 * The Massachusetts Charitable Mechanic Association (a.k.a. the ''Association of the Mechanics of Boston'') awarded two gold medals to Bell, as exhibitor #626 registered to the New England Telephone Company of Boston, MA, for both the telephone and Visible Speech, twinning the results of the Centennial Exposition held in Philadelphia two years earlier (1878);〔〔 (Exhibition... : Volumes 12-13 ), Massachusetts Charitable Mechanic Association, Boston, 1874 (sic), pp. 170–171. Note: a lengthy citation is provided on the significance of Bell's telephone, which is immediately followed by the citation for Edison's transmitter. 〕 * The Society of Arts in London awards him his first Royal Albert medal, a silver, for his paper on the telephone (1878);〔 * The Third Paris World's Fair, called the Exposition Universelle, awarded Bell (along with Elisha Gray and Thomas Edison) a ''Grand Prize'' for the telephone (1878);〔 New York Times (1878) (Current Topics Abroad ), N.Y. Times, October 24, 1878. Retrieved 2009-03-08. 〕 * Gallaudet College, earlier chartered as the Columbia Institution Of The Deaf, and at the time called the National Deaf-Mute College, of Washington, D.C. awarded Bell an Honorary Ph.D.'' 'in recognition of his work for the Deaf' ''(1880).〔〔〔 (Interference Case in the U. S. Patent Office, THE AERIAL EXPERIMENT ASSOCIATION versus MYERS: Deposition of Alexander Graham Bell ), Reprinted from The Beinn Bhreagh Recorder Vol.XVII No.10, pp. 195–221, retrieved from the U.S. Library of Congress 2009-04-05. 〕〔 U.S. President. (Abridgement, Message And Documents ), United States Government, 1880, pp. 840–841. Retrieved August 28, 2010. 〕 * The French Academy, representing the French government, awarded Bell the ''Volta Prize'' with a purse of 50,000 francs (approximately $10,000) for the invention of the telephone (1880).〔〔 (Honors to Professor Bell ), Boston Daily Evening Traveller, September 1, 1880, retrieved 2009-04-05 from Library of Congress –Alexander Graham Bell Family Papers. 〕〔 (Volta Prize of the French Academy Awarded to Prof. Alexander Graham Bell, September 1, 1880 ), retrieved 2009-04-05 from Library of Congress -Alexander Graham Bell Family Papers; 〕〔 (Telegram from Grossman to Alexander Graham Bell, August 2, 1880 ), retrieved 2009-04-05 from Library of Congress –Alexander Graham Bell Family Papers. 〕〔 (Telegram from Alexander Graham Bell to Count du Moncel, 1880 ), retrieved 2009-04-05 from Library of Congress -Alexander Graham Bell Family Papers. 〕〔 (Letter from Frederick T. Frelinghuysen to Alexander Graham Bell, January 7, 1882 ), retrieved 2009-04-05 from Library of Congress -Alexander Graham Bell Family Papers. 〕 Since Bell was becoming increasingly affluent, he used his prize money to create endowment funds (the 'Volta Fund') and institutions in and around the United States capital of Washington, D.C.. They included the prestigious'' 'Volta Laboratory Association' ''(1880), also known as the'' 'Volta Laboratory' ''and as the'' 'Alexander Graham Bell Laboratory', ''as well as creating the Volta Bureau (1887) as a center for studies on deafness. The Volta Laboratory became a permanently funded experimental facility devoted to scientific discovery, and the very next year invented a wax phonograph cylinder that was later used by Thomas Edison;〔 (Letter from Mabel Hubbard Bell, February 27, 1880 ), retrieved 2009-04-05 from Library of Congress -Alexander Graham Bell Family Papers. N.B.: last line of the typed note refers to the future disposition of award funds:'' "....and thus the matter lay till the paper turned up. He intends putting the full amount into his Laboratory and Library".'' 〕 * The President of the Third French Republic, Jules Grévy, on the recommendation of his Minister of Foreign Affairs Jules Barthélemy-Saint-Hilaire and with the presentations of the Minister of Posts and Telegraphs Louis Cochery, designated Bell with the ''distinction'' of an'' 'Officer Of The Legion of Honour' ''(Légion d'honneur) by decree on 10 November 1881, in recognition of his inventions (1881);〔〔〔 Gore, James Howard (1920) (American Legionnaires of France ), W.F. Roberts Co., Washington, 1920. Retrieved 2009-03-09. Note: Bell was "''Created Officier November 11, 1881...''"; his then current address (presumably when the book of 1920 was published) was: 1331 Connecticut Avenue, Washington, D. C. 〕〔 (Certificate: Ordre National de la Légion D'Honneur ) Library of Congress: Alexander Graham Bell Family Papers, Washington, D.C., retrieved 2009-04-05 (not the actual certificate, but a note referring to it). 〕〔 Decree of the French Republic, 10 November 1881, (hardcopy). Note that the same decree awarded German physicist Hermann von Helmholtz with the designation of Grand Officer of the Legion of Honor. Bell was referenced as #2190 on the decree, Helmholtz was referenced as #2173, and fellow inventor Thomas Edison, who also exhibited at the fair, was reference #1291 (''sic'') on p. 4 (not shown). The decree preamble cited ''"for services provided to the Congress and to the International Electrical Exhibition"'';〕 File:French Presidential Decree -Award of Legion of Honour to Helholtz, Bell and Edison -10 November 1881 Pg. 1.jpg File:French Presidential Decree -Award of Legion of Honour to Helholtz, Bell and Edison -10 November 1881 Pg. 3.jpg File:French Presidential Decree -Award of Legion of Honour to Helholtz, Bell and Edison -10 November 1881 Pg. 5.jpg * The Society of Arts issues their second Royal Albert silver medal to him for his paper on his proudest achievement, the Photophone, invented a year earlier (1881);〔 * The University of Würzburg, Bavaria granted Bell an honorary (Ph.D.) (1882).〔〔〔 * The American Philosophical Society elected Bell as a member (1882).〔(APS Member History )〕 * The National Academy of Sciences elected Bell as a member (1883);〔 (The Alexander Graham Bell Family Papers: Time Line of Alexander Graham Bell, 1880–1889 ), retrieved 2009-04-30 from The Library of Congress Manuscript Division, Alexander Graham Bell Family Papers. 〕〔Osborne, Harold S. (1943) (BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIR OF ALEXANDER GRAHAM BELL ), National Academy of Sciences: Biographical Memoirs, Vol. XXIII, 1847–1922 , presented to the Academy at its 1943 annual meeting.〕 * The American Institute of Electrical Engineers, predecessor of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers elected Bell as one of its founding vice presidents, and later elevated him to its president (1884, and president 1891–1892);〔 Hochheiser, Sheldon.(Engineering Hall Of Fame: Alexander Graham Bell ), IEEE History Center website, April 2010. 〕 * The Rupert Charles University of Heidelberg, Germany awarded him an ''Honorary Doctor of Medicine'' degree, for Bell's invention of an ultrasound metal detector, used in a bid to save the life of President James Abram Garfield (1886).〔 (Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online: BELL, ALEXANDER GRAHAM ), 1921–1930 (Volume XV), retrieved March 6, 2009. 〕 * The American Institute of Electrical Engineers (AIEE) appointed Bell its president (1891–1892); * Harvard University granted him an honorary 'Doctor of Laws'' degrees (LL.D.) (1896);〔〔 * Illinois College awarded him an LL.D. degree (1896): N.B.: there are two different years cited for this degree –the college's data is shown.〔〔 (Illinois College: Honorary Degrees Conferred ) 〕 * The National Geographic Society appointed him President (1898–1903).〔 * The United States Senate granted him several appointments as a regent of the world famous Smithsonian Institution (1898–1924);〔〔 (Library of Congress, Manuscript Division, Alexander Graham Bell Family Papers: Biographical Notes ), Library of Congress, retrieved 2009-04-05. 〕〔 (Smithsonian Institution, Board of Regents: Resolution to Alexander Graham Bell, February 7, 1916 ), Library of Congress Manuscript Division: Alexander Graham Bell Family Papers, retrieved 2009-04-05, N.B. in 1916 Bell was reappointed under S. J. Res 197. 〕 * The Washington Academy of Sciences, founded by a group of scientists which included Samuel Langley, Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, elected Bell its President (c.1900);〔 (Directory of the Washington Academy of Sciences and Affiliated Societies: Comprising the Anthropological, Biological, Chemical, Entomological, Geographic, Geological, Historical, Medical, and Philosophical Societies ), Washington Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C., 1903. 〕 * The U.S. Census Bureau appointed him a special agent to the bureau in order to determine the extent of the Twelfth Census that applied to the deaf of the United States (1900);〔 (Scots and Scots Descendant in America, Part V - Biographies, Alexander Graham Bell, LL.D. Ph.d., Se.D., M.D. ), ElectricScotland.com website. Retrieved 2009-08-31. 〕 * The Society of Arts of London, England, awarded him the ''Albert Medal'' for his invention of the telephone (1902).〔〔 * St Andrew's University awarded Bell a ''Doctor of Philosophy'' degree (Ph.D.) (1902).〔 * The University of Edinburgh granted him an honorary Doctor of Laws degree (1906);〔〔 Bruce, Robert V. (1990) ''Alexander Graham Bell and the Conquest of Solitude'', pp. 477, 483, Cornell University Press, ISBN 0-8014-9691-8, ISBN 978-0-8014-9691-2. 〕〔〔 (University of Edinburgh: Graduation Ceremonial ), Library of Congress Manuscript Division: Alexander Graham Bell Family Papers, retrieved 2009-04-05. 〕〔 (University of Edinburgh: convocation request ) Library of Congress, retrieved 2009-04-05; 〕〔 (Certificate from the Senatus Academicus of the University of Edinburgh to Alexander Graham Bell, February 4, 1905 ), Library of Congress Manuscript Division: Alexander Graham Bell Family Papers, retrieved 2009-04-05. 〕 * Oxford University granted him an honorary ''Doctor of Science'' degree (D.Sc./Sc.D.) (1906).〔〔 * The ''American Association of Engineering Societies'' awarded him the John Fritz Medal (1907).〔〔 * Bell and the other four members of the Aerial Experiment Association are awarded the Scientific American Prize for the ''First public airplane flight greater than one kilometre in the United States'' (1908);〔 Grosvenor, 1997. p. 13. 〕 * Queen's University in Kingston, Ontario, presented an honorary 'Doctor of Laws'' degrees (LL.D.) to him (1909).〔〔〔 Note: there are conflicting years cited in the various references for this degree, however only the Queen's University year is shown. 〕〔〔 (Queen's University: Queen's Encyclopedia: Honorary Degrees ); Queen's University website. Retrieved August 28, 2010. 〕 * The ''Bell Homestead Museum'', part of the Bell Homestead National Historic Site in Brantford, Ontario, was the Bell family's first home in North America and the site where Bell invented the telephone in the July 1874. Bell's parents and extended family lived on the 10 acre site for 11 years, with the homestead being sold when his parents moved to Washington, D.C. to join their son. The museum was opened to the public in 1910.〔 (Pay Us a Call at Melville House! ), Brantford, ON: Bell Homestead National Historic Site website. 〕 The farm, carriage house and its principal building, Melville House were earlier obtained from its last private owner by the Bell Telephone Memorial Association in 1909. Its rooms were restored to their original condition and many of its furnishings are original Bell possessions.〔 Butorac, Yvonne. "Bell's Brantford Homestead Celebrates Phone Invention", ''Toronto Star'', June 29, 1995, p. G10, ProQuest document ID 437257031. 〕 The site also later added the Henderson Home, Canada's first telephone company office opened in 1877 and a predecessor of Bell Canada, which was moved to the museum from its original location in downtown Brantford.〔 In the present day the museum is operated by the Bell Homestead Society, and has been designated a National Historic Site of Canada (1910).〔 Bell Homestead Society. (Bell Homestead National Historic Site: The Site ), retrieved from the Bell Homestead Society website, June 29, 2011. 〕〔 * Upon its inception at its first meeting on November 2, 1911 in Boston, the fraternal Telephone Pioneers of America organization made Bell its first charter member. The organization has since grown to more than 600,000 individuals (1911). * The Franklin Institute awarded Bell the Elliott Cresson Medal in the field of Engineering for'' "Electrical Transmission of Articulate Speech"'' (1912).〔〔 (Case File of Alexander Graham Bell Committee on Science and the Arts 1912 Cresson Medal ), Franklin Institute website, retrieved 2009-04-05. 〕 * George Washington University awarded him an Honorary Degree (1913).〔 * The Royal Society awarded him the ''David Edward Hughes Medal'' for'' "an original discovery in the physical sciences, particularly electricity and magnetism or their applications" ''(1913). * Dartmouth College awarded Bell an honorary ''Doctor of Laws'' degree (1913);〔〔New York Times. (Dartmouth Graduates 208: Alexander Graham Bell Among Those Receiving Honorary Degrees ), The New York Times, June 26, 1913. 〕 * The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers awarded him the ''Thomas Alva Edison Medal "for a career of meritorious achievement in electrical science, electrical engineering or the electrical arts"'' (1914).〔〔 * ''Bell, the celebrity'', in New York, ceremonially inaugurated the United States' first ''transcontinental telephone system'' with a widely reported telephone call to his former assistant Thomas Watson in San Francisco, during which Watson quipped to Bell that he could hear him ''"much better now"'' (1915);〔〔 (Invitation from Theodore N. Vail to Alexander Graham Bell to Attend Ceremonies Marking the Completion of the Transcontinental Telephone System ) Library of Congress Manuscript Division, Bell Family Papers;〕〔(1915: First Transcontinental Telephone Call ), retrieved 2009-04-29 from AT&T website. 〕 * Dr. John H. Finley, founder of the Junior American Red Cross and New York State Commissioner of Education, presented Bell with the ''Civic Forum Medal of Honor for Distinguished Public Service'' at Carnegie Hall (1917);〔 (Honor Medal for Dr. Bell: The Civic Forum Awards Trophy to Inventor of Telephone ), The New York Times, March 22, 1917. Retrieved 2009-04-30. 〕 * The Governor General of Canada, Victor Cavendish, 9th Duke of Devonshire, unveiled the Bell Telephone Memorial (photo below) erected in Bell's honor in The Telephone City's (Brantford, ON) ''Alexander Graham Bell Gardens'' as part of the City of Brantford's public parks system (1917).〔〔 Whitaker, A.J. (Bell Telephone Memorial ), City of Brantford/Hurley Printing, Brantford, Ontario, 1917.〕 * Bell inaugurates the Alexander Graham Bell School in Chicago, Illinois. The elementary school was founded in 1917 with 24 classrooms for hearing students and 15 classrooms for deaf students, after the Chicago School Board allocated US$285,000 for it in 1915 (approximately $ in current dollars).〔 Chicago Tribune. (School Board Decides To Hold All Vacant Land ), Chicago Tribune, October 1, 1915, p. 11 (subscription). 〕〔 (Bell, Alexander G., Elementary School ), retrieved from CPSAlumni.org website May 11, 2011.〕 The school, one of the largest built in the Chicago Public School system at the time, was opened one year earlier.〔 Electrical Review. (Electrical Review -Volume 72 ), International Trade Press, 1918, p. 704. 〕 (1918); * The City of Edinburgh made him a Burgess and honored Bell with its Freedom of The City award during his final "farewell visit" to Europe (1920). He was being accompanied by his wife Mabel, and his granddaughter and secretary Mabel H. Grosvenor.〔〔〔 (Gazetteer of Scotland ), retrieved from the website 2009-03-14.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Alexander Graham Bell honors and tributes」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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